#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

/*
 * Since the print_array function is called by many others,
 * I include its function prototype at the top of the file.
 */
void print_array(int array[], int length);


/*
 * Prints the size in bytes of various primitive types
 */
void print_sizeof() {
	cout << "Size of an integer: " << sizeof(int)  << " bytes "<< endl;
	cout << "Size of a character: " << sizeof(char) << " bytes "<< endl;
	cout << "Size of a double: " << sizeof(double) << " bytes " << endl;
}

/*
 * Passes the pointer by value but the net effect is that the
 * entire array itself is passed by reference
 */
void change_first(int array[]) {
	array[0] = -100;
}

/*
 * Prints an array
 */
void print_array(int array[], int length) {
	cout << endl;
	cout << "Printing array: " << endl;
	for(int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
		cout << array[i] << endl;
	}
}



int main() {
	print_sizeof(); // print size of primitives

	int SIZE = 5;

	// An uninitialized array
	int array1[SIZE];
	cout << "Size of the array: " << sizeof(array1) << " bytes " <<  endl;
	cout << "Length of array: " << sizeof(array1)/sizeof(array1[0]) << endl;
	print_array(array1, SIZE);
	cout << "Accessing beyond bounds! " << array1[SIZE] << endl;


	// Create second array using initialization list
	int array2[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
	print_array(array2, SIZE);
	cout << "Accessing beyond bounds! " << array2[SIZE] << endl;

	// why is this not allowed?
	//array1 = array2;

	// The pointer is passed by value
	// As a consequence, the array is passed by reference!
	change_first(array2);
	print_array(array2, SIZE);

	// A dynamically allocated array
	int *array3 = new int[SIZE];
	print_array(array3, SIZE); // note that an int* variable can be passed to the print function

	// array3 can be on the left side of the equals
	array3 = array1;
	print_array(array3, SIZE);


	return 0;
}